Broader & Social Impacts

At a fundamental level, NOIRLab’s programmatic activities prioritize giving a broad user community access to NOIRLab facilities and data. 

NOIRLab is working to support more diversity in our workforce and user community, and investing in truly democratizing astronomy through Research Inclusion. NOIRLab will build on previous activities to diversify our user community, including the development of toolkits and training activities to make data and facilities accessible to all potential users. NOIRLab gives public access to all NSF-funded ground-based optical facilities, and open access to all data holdings. 

NOIRLab personnel includes 37% Hispanic/Latin* and 20% non-Hispanic/Latin* minorities. 26% of our staff are women. All staff are invited to spend up to 50 hours per year on diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives.

The proposals approved for NOIRLab observing time come from all over the US and beyond — from 42 US states (plus Washington DC and the Virgin Islands) and 35 non-US countries in the 2019B, 2020A, 2020B, and 2021A semesters. NOIRLab is using dual-anonymous proposal evaluation from semester 2022B onward to mitigate potential biases in proposal assessment.

To increase the diversity of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce, both inside and outside of NOIRLab, we take a multifaceted approach that combines attention to NOIRLab’s internal workplace culture, best practices in recruitment, and new professional development programs (mentorships, internships, fellowships, visitors). 

NOIRLab is committed to expanding quality opportunities and advancement opportunities for staff hired from our local host communities. NOIRLab partners with local universities and K-12 schools to promote awareness and develop skills in local workforces, and ~ 50% of our staff are from local workforces in our host communities. NOIRLab supports hundreds of highly skilled jobs in Chile, Arizona and Hawai‘i, 40–45 interns a year, and three prize fellows a year; hundreds of former NOIRLab staff — alumni — now work in astronomy, finance, management, communications, engineering, the aerospace industry, and related fields. NOIRLab also supports approximately 400 thesis projects and 550 non-thesis graduate students per year.

Over the past few decades, the relationships between Indigenous peoples and endeavors such as astronomy have been profoundly transformed. NOIRLab is committed to the engagement of Indigenous peoples and individuals and organizations in the local communities where our facilities are located. 

NOIRLab provides paths to leadership and career opportunities for local workforces and contributes significantly to the local economies of Arizona, Chile, and Hawai‘i. 

NOIRLab acts as a cultural bridge between the United States and Chile, bringing together institutions, tourism, and jobs. We will continue to support local communities by encouraging them to participate in our education and engagement activities, to visit our facilities and to encourage the pursuit of career paths in STEM, management, and support functions.

NOIRLab’s discoveries, facilities, technology, and people are featured in order to strengthen the public’s appreciation of science and the science community’s awareness of NOIRLab’s work. Educational programs increase the science-literacy of K–12 and college audiences, especially through data-driven materials.

In a typical (pre-pandemic) year, NOIRLab reaches more than 100,000 followers on social media, and more than 5 million people in total Reach, and has more than 600,000 web visits. NOIRLab also leads or participates in more than 200 educational events a year with approximately 60,000 students and teachers.

Over 750 photos, 40 of which are astronomical images, and 4 hours of ultra- and high-definition video, are published to the NOIRLab website. NOIRLab releases more than 60 web announcements, 30 press releases, 200 email newsletters, and 4700 social media posts each year.

NOIRLab is committed to implementing more environmentally sustainable operations. Reducing our carbon footprint is an example of how a large research facility can take meaningful action in this area. NOIRLab’s current goal is to lower our carbon footprint by about 50%, relative to the 2019 baseline and including Vera C. Rubin Observatory at Cerro Pachón. We aim to reach this goal by the end of 2027.

NOIRLab’s travel budget will be gradually reduced by 2027 reaching a ~50% reduction relative to 2019 levels. The former travel funds cover part of the cost of reducing our carbon footprint further by reducing our grid electricity usage. We plan to install higher-efficiency transformers, LED lighting, more efficient windows, replace a very old heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system, and install large photovoltaic systems. Large supplemental funding awards from NSF add substantially to the already approved funding for photovoltaic systems and equipment replacement.

We are also looking into how we can provide meals on-site in a way that lowers our carbon footprint and reduces single-use plastics, demonstrating our commitment to the environment to staff, governance members, and visiting astronomers. 

We have funding to start replacing our on-site gas and diesel vehicles with electric vehicles, and will continue replacement using operations funds when the current vehicles are due for replacement. The typical lifetime of our vehicles is eight years, which will put us on track for having all gas and diesel vehicles replaced with electric vehicles by the end of the 2020s. 

Finally, switching to dry landscaping and implementing water preservation measures at our water-stressed sites in Arizona and Chile will help preserve local water resources.

NOIRLab’s Globe At Night Citizen Science program has recorded more than 250,000 measurements of night sky brightness from the public since 2006. NOIRLab has assisted communities in Arizona, Hawai‘i, and Chile to establish several official ordinances to control artificial light pollution, and organized four key conferences with satellite operators and manufacturers and dark skies experts. 

Since early 2022 NOIRLab is co-hosting the IAU Centre for the Protection of the Dark and Quiet Sky from Satellite Constellation Interference. Key NOIRLab staff have also played leading roles in IAU’s Site Protection Commissions for over 45 years and the International Dark Sky Association for over 20 years. 

Read more about NOIRLab’s Dark Skies Protection efforts here.

NOIRLab Programs foster and rely on international and national partnerships, including the US Department of Energy, NASA, and university groups.

NOIRLab is a proponent of open data and standards in astronomy and is committed to several collaborations including contributing toward protecting Earth from asteroid threats, being a role model for partnerships in Research & Development, promoting national and international partnerships, mitigating satellite constellation side-effects, leading ground-based optical astronomical research, and fostering local scientific development in all three of our host communities and regions.

Research is a foundational pillar for society and NOIRLab. Science is one of humankind’s greatest collective endeavors and advances our knowledge of how the Universe works. It is a discipline that opens our eyes, that gives context to our place in the Universe and that is able to reshape how we see the world. 

Although “blue-skies research” like astronomy rarely leads directly to tangible outcomes on a short timescale, the pursuit of this research requires cutting-edge technology and methods that can, on a longer time scale, make a difference through their broader application. The fruits of scientific and technological development in astronomy, especially in areas such as optics and electronics, have become essential to our day-to-day life, with applications such as personal computers, communication satellites, mobile phones, Global Positioning Systems, solar panels and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners.

Although the study of astronomy has provided a wealth of tangible, monetary and technological gains, perhaps the most important aspect of astronomy is not one of economical measure. It inspires us and promises answers to the big questions. It acts as a window onto the immense size and complexity of space, putting Earth into perspective and promoting global citizenship and pride in our home planet.

On a yearly basis, NOIRLab research generates data for more than 700 scientific peer-reviewed papers, 400 of which use more than one NOIRLab telescope or facility. NOIRLab staff author or co-author more than 300 papers a year.

Currently NOIRLab’s research data holdings constitute more than 7.3 petabytes of data, 13.5 million observations, and 80 billion individual measurements of stars and galaxies.

More than 1000 proposals for research are received per year by NOIRLab, and both the 2011 “Dark Energy” (see this press release and web announcement), and the 2020 “Milky Way supermassive black hole” (see this press release and web announcement) Nobel Prizes in Physics used NOIRLab data to help achieve their findings.

NOIRLab is strengthening its user community communications to provide timely and accurate information of relevance to the scientific users of our facilities and data, and to have two-way conversations about the needs of our user community. Effective communication through the science website, social networks, scientific conferences, print and electronic publications is establishing a reliable flow of scientific, programmatic, operational, and proposal-relevant information. Community engagement is critical for the US ELT Program’s Key Science Programs.